The island is dominated by dry vegetation, mainly consisting of cistus, rockrose, lavender, heather, thyme, caper, oregano, rosemary, thyme, sage, rue, and galangal. thyme, sage, myrtle, broom, and galatsida.

The trees found here are maritime pines, shrubby cypresses, holm oaks, arbutus trees, leafy trees, skina, kokkorivithies, wild olive trees, carob trees, arbutus trees, gortsias, crataegus, bitter almond trees, and tamarisk trees.

In the central and northern parts of the island, there are lush forests of Aleppo pine, which used to cover almost the entire island, while near the streams there are plane trees, maples, oleanders, and osier trees.

It is important to note that in a few areas of the island there are clusters of Theophrastus’ palm trees.

A total of 923 plant species have been recorded throughout Karpathos, of which 66 are endemic to Greece, 28 are endemic to Crete, eleven are endemic to the Kasos-Karpathos complex, and nine are endemic to Karpathos-Saria.

The most important species endemic to the island or found only here in Greece are silene, wild carnation, bellflowers, amaranth, peonies, ferns, wild garlic, and irises, while other important species include crocuses, violets, colchicum, and orchids.